Solid Execution Drives Strong Earnings Growth and Margin Expansion in Each Segment
Improving Demand and Continued Aggregates Unit Margin Expansion in 2026
Vulcan Materials Company (NYSE: VMC), the nation's largest producer of construction aggregates, today announced results for the quarter ended September 30, 2025.
Financial Highlights Include:
Third Quarter Year-to-Date Trailing-Twelve MonthsAmounts in millions, except per unit data 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024Total revenues $ 2,292 $ 2,004 $ 6,029 $ 5,564 $ 7,882 $ 7,398Gross profit $ 697 $ 565 $ 1,688 $ 1,462 $ 2,225 $ 1,935Selling, Administrative and General (SAG) $ 145 $ 129 $ 428 $ 393 $ 566 $ 535As % of Total revenues 6.3% 6.4% 7.1% 7.1% 7.2% 7.2%Net earnings attributable to Vulcan $ 375 $ 208 $ 825 $ 618 $ 1,118 $ 846Adjusted EBITDA $ 735 $ 581 $ 1,806 $ 1,507 $ 2,356 $ 1,983Adjusted EBITDA margin 32.1% 29.0% 30.0% 27.1% 29.9% 26.8%Earnings attributable to Vulcan from $ 2.83 $ 1.57 $ 6.24 $ 4.68 $ 8.47 $ 6.40continuing operations per diluted shareAdjusted earnings attributable to Vulcan from $ 2.84 $ 2.22 $ 6.29 $ 5.37 $ 8.46 $ 6.83continuing operations per diluted shareAggregates segmentShipments (tons) 64.7 57.7 171.7 166.0 225.6 221.4Freight-adjusted sales price per ton $ 22.01 $ 21.27 $ 22.05 $ 20.98 $ 21.90 $ 20.57Gross profit per ton $ 9.46 $ 8.63 $ 8.91 $ 8.01 $ 8.93 $ 7.93Cash gross profit per ton $ 11.84 $ 10.89 $ 11.52 $ 10.31 $ 11.51 $ 10.22Gross margin 34.2% 31.7% 32.0% 29.7% 32.2% 29.8%
Tom Hill, Vulcan Materials' Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, said, “The combination of our aggregates-led business and our commercial and operational execution has resulted in strong earnings growth and margin expansion through the first nine months of 2025. Adjusted EBITDA has improved 20 percent over the prior year, and margin has expanded 290 basis points on a year-to-date basis. Aggregates cash gross profit per ton has improved 12 percent with widespread improvements across our footprint. These results demonstrate the compounding benefits of our strategic disciplines and reinforce our confidence in our ability to continue to deliver strong earnings growth and cash generation.”
Third Quarter Segment Results
Aggregates Solid execution in the third quarter drove strong earnings growth and margin expansion. Segment gross profit increased 23 percent to $612 million, and gross profit margin expanded 250 basis points to 34.2 percent. Cash gross profit per ton improved 9 percent to $11.84 per ton. On a trailing-twelve months basis, cash gross profit per ton was $11.51, increasing 13 percent over the prior year and marking the eleventh consecutive quarter of double-digit compounding improvement in unit profitability.
Aggregates shipments in the third quarter increased 12 percent, reflecting healthy public construction activity, as well as the benefit of more favorable weather in most markets. Shipments in the prior year's third quarter were disrupted by numerous hurricanes and severe storms across the Southeast.
Freight-adjusted selling prices increased 5 percent on a mix-adjusted basis (3.5 percent on a reported basis) as compared to the prior year. Reported price in the quarter was impacted by unfavorable product mix, as well as the anticipated impact of recent acquisitions. On a year-to-date basis, mix-adjusted pricing has improved 7 percent (5.1 percent on a reported basis) with growth widespread across the Company's footprint.
Freight-adjusted unit cash cost of sales decreased 2 percent as a result of continued operating cost discipline and the benefit of strong shipments in the quarter. On a trailing-twelve months basis, unit cash cost approximated the prior year, reflecting a continued focus on cost management and operating efficiencies.
Asphalt and Concrete Asphalt segment gross profit was $71 million, and cash gross profit was $84 million, a 16 percent improvement over the prior year. Gross profit margin remained strong and expanded to 17 percent, and unit cash gross profit improved 10 percent. Concrete segment gross profit was $14 million, and cash gross profit was $31 million. Gross profit margin expanded to 6 percent, and unit cash gross profit increased 34 percent, benefiting from the profitability of acquired operations.
Selling, Administrative and General (SAG) and Other Items SAG expense in the quarter was $145 million compared to $129 million in the prior year. The year-over-year increase was mostly due to SAG expense for prior year business acquisitions and higher incentives expense. For the quarter, SAG expense as a percent of total revenues improved slightly to 6.3 percent. On a trailing-twelve months basis, SAG expense was 7.2 percent of total revenues, unchanged from the prior year.
Other operating expense was $9 million compared to $99 million in the prior year. The prior year included a pretax charge of $87 million resulting from the write-off of goodwill for the Company's concrete assets in Northern California.
Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Allocation Through the first nine months, cash provided by operating activities was $1.3 billion, a 31 percent increase over the prior year. Capital expenditures for maintenance and growth projects were $235 million in the third quarter, and the Company returned $65 million to shareholders through dividends, a 6 percent increase versus the prior year. The Company also used $550 million of cash on hand to pay down its outstanding commercial paper balance, resulting in a ratio of total debt to trailing-twelve months Adjusted EBITDA of 1.9 times (1.8 times on a net debt basis).
On a trailing-twelve months basis, return on average invested capital improved 40 basis points over the prior year to 16.5 percent through a combination of solid operating earnings, disciplined capital management and a balanced approach to growth.
In early October, the Company completed the disposition of its asphalt and construction services assets in the greater Houston market. Additionally, on October 28, we entered into an agreement for the disposition of our ready-mixed concrete businesses in California. Subject to obtaining regulatory approvals and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions, we expect to close the transaction in the fourth quarter. The sale of these downstream assets is consistent with our aggregates-led strategy and generates cash proceeds that can be redeployed into attractive growth opportunities in the future.
The Company remains well positioned for continued growth with a strong liquidity position and balance sheet profile.
Outlook Regarding the Company's outlook for the remainder of the current year, Mr. Hill said, “We continue to execute well and remain focused on delivering another year of margin expansion and attractive growth in aggregates unit profitability. Aggregates shipments through the third quarter have increased 3 percent, and we expect full year shipments to reflect similar year-over-year growth. As a result, we expect to deliver between$2.35 and $2.45 billion of Adjusted EBITDA in 2025, representing 17 percent year-over-year growth at the midpoint.
Mr. Hill continued, “As we look to 2026, I'm encouraged about the demand backdrop in our markets. We expect continued strength in public construction activity and an improving private nonresidential outlook, a combination that should also benefit an already healthy pricing environment. Additionally, I'm excited about our talented teams that will continue to execute on our proven two-pronged, durable growth strategy under Ronnie's leadership. Ronnie is the ideal person to lead Vulcan's future growth and innovation.”
On October 13, 2025, the Company announced that its Board of Directors had named Ronnie Pruitt Chief Executive Officer, effective January 1, 2026.
“Vulcan is well positioned with an irreplaceable asset base and outstanding talent. Our strategic disciplines on both the commercial and operational sides of our business continue to gain traction and sustain improvements. These competitive advantages, coupled with modest growth in shipments and mid-single digit growth in pricing, will help drive another year of earnings growth in 2026 and expansion in aggregates cash gross profit per ton that continues to exceed historical averages,” said Mr. Pruitt.
Conference Call Vulcan will host a conference call at 9:00 a.m. CT on October 30, 2025. A webcast will be available via the Company's website at www.vulcanmaterials.com. Investors and other interested parties may access the teleconference live by calling 800-343-4849, or 203-518-9848 if outside the U.S. The conference ID is 5104670. The conference call will be recorded and available for replay at the Company's website approximately two hours after the call.
About Vulcan Materials Company Vulcan Materials Company, a member of the S&P 500 Index with headquarters in Birmingham, Alabama, is the nation's largest supplier of construction aggregates – primarily crushed stone, sand and gravel – and a major producer of aggregates-based construction materials, including asphalt and ready-mixed concrete. For additional information about Vulcan, go to www.vulcanmaterials.com.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures Because GAAP financial measures on a forward-looking basis are not accessible, and reconciling information is not available without unreasonable effort, we have not provided reconciliations for forward-looking non-GAAP measures, other than the reconciliation of Projected Adjusted EBITDA as included in Appendix 2 hereto. For the same reasons, we are unable to address the probable significance of the unavailable information, which could be material to future results.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT DISCLAIMER This document contains forward-looking statements. Statements that are not historical fact, including statements about Vulcan's beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Generally, these statements relate to future financial performance, results of operations, business plans or strategies, projected or anticipated revenues, expenses, earnings (including EBITDA and other measures), dividend policy, shipment volumes, pricing, levels of capital expenditures, intended cost reductions and cost savings, anticipated profit improvements and/or planned divestitures and asset sales. These forward-looking statements are sometimes identified by the use of terms and phrases such as “believe,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “project,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “can,” “may” or similar expressions elsewhere in this document. These statements are subject to numerous risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including but not limited to general business conditions, competitive factors, pricing, energy costs, and other risks and uncertainties discussed in the reports Vulcan periodically files with the SEC.
Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results, developments, and business decisions may vary significantly from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. The following risks related to Vulcan's business, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements: general economic and business conditions; domestic and global political, economic or diplomatic developments; a pandemic, epidemic or other public health emergency; Vulcan's dependence on the construction industry, which is subject to economic cycles; the timing and amount of federal, state and local funding for infrastructure; changes in the level of spending for private residential and private nonresidential construction; changes in Vulcan's effective tax rate; the increasing reliance on information technology infrastructure, including the risks that the infrastructure does not work as intended, experiences technical difficulties or is subjected to cyber-attacks; the impact of the state of the global economy on Vulcan's businesses and financial condition and access to capital markets; international business operations and relationships, including actions taken by the Mexican government with respect to Vulcan's property and operations in that country; the highly competitive nature of the construction industry; the impact of future regulatory or legislative actions, including those relating to climate change, biodiversity, land use, wetlands, greenhouse gas emissions, the definition of minerals, tax policy and domestic and international trade; the outcome of pending legal proceedings; pricing of Vulcan's products; weather and other natural phenomena, including the impact of climate change and availability of water; availability and cost of trucks, railcars, barges and ships as well as their licensed operators for transport of Vulcan's materials; energy costs; costs of hydrocarbon-based raw materials; healthcare costs; labor relations, shortages and constraints; the amount of long-term debt and interest expense incurred by Vulcan; changes in interest rates; volatility in pension plan asset values and liabilities, which may require cash contributions to the pension plans; the impact of environmental cleanup costs and other liabilities relating to existing and/or divested businesses; Vulcan's ability to secure and permit aggregates reserves in strategically located areas; Vulcan's ability to identify, close and successfully integrate acquisitions; the effect of changes in tax laws, guidance and interpretations; significant downturn in the construction industry may result in the impairment of goodwill or long-lived assets; changes in technologies, which could disrupt the way Vulcan does business and how Vulcan's products are distributed; the risks of open pit and underground mining; expectations relating to environmental, social and governance considerations; claims that our products do not meet regulatory requirements or contractual specifications; and other assumptions, risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in the reports filed by Vulcan with the SEC. All forward-looking statements in this communication are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. Vulcan disclaims and does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement in this document except as required by law.
Table AVulcan Materials Companyand Subsidiary Companies (in millions, except per share data) Three Months Ended Nine Months EndedConsolidated Statements of Earnings September 30 September 30(Condensed and unaudited) 2025 2024 2025 2024Total revenues $2,291.5 $2,003.9 $6,028.5 $5,564.0Cost of revenues (1,594.3) (1,438.7) (4,340.8) (4,101.6)Gross profit 697.2 565.2 1,687.7 1,462.4Selling, administrative and general expenses (145.3) (129.1) (428.0) (393.0)Gain on sale of property, plant & equipmentand businesses 0.6 0.2 9.2 4.6Loss on impairments 0.0 (86.6) 0.0 (86.6)Other operating expense, net (9.3) (12.6) (28.2) (23.9)Operating earnings 543.2 337.1 1,240.7 963.5Other nonoperating income (expense), net 0.7 (3.8) 0.4 (12.7)Interest expense, net (55.3) (38.4) (174.2) (117.7)Earnings from continuing operationsbefore income taxes 488.6 294.9 1,066.9 833.1Income tax expense (112.4) (85.2) (237.4) (208.5)Earnings from continuing operations 376.2 209.7 829.5 624.6Loss on discontinued operations, net of tax (1.2) (1.3) (4.2) (5.0)Net earnings 375.0 208.4 825.3 619.6Earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest (0.1) (0.8) (0.6) (1.4)Net earnings attributable to Vulcan $374.9 $207.6 $824.7 $618.2Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to VulcanContinuing operations $2.85 $1.58 $6.27 $4.71Discontinued operations ($0.01) ($0.01) ($0.03) ($0.04)Net earnings $2.84 $1.57 $6.24 $4.67Diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to VulcanContinuing operations $2.83 $1.57 $6.24 $4.68Discontinued operations ($0.01) ($0.01) ($0.03) ($0.03)Net earnings $2.82 $1.56 $6.21 $4.65Weighted-average common shares outstandingBasic 132.1 132.2 132.2 132.3Assuming dilution 132.9 133.0 132.9 133.1Effective tax rate from continuing operations 23.0% 28.9% 22.3% 25.0%
Table BVulcan Materials Companyand Subsidiary Companies (in millions)Consolidated Balance Sheets September 30 December 31 September 30(Condensed and unaudited) 2025 2024 2024AssetsCash and cash equivalents $191.3 $559.7 $433.2Restricted cash 3.9 41.1 1.1Accounts and notes receivableAccounts and notes receivable, gross 1,197.1 905.5 1,030.9Allowance for credit losses (12.3) (13.2) (13.5)Accounts and notes receivable, net 1,184.8 892.3 1,017.4InventoriesFinished products 545.0 534.6 505.9Raw materials 47.6 69.7 62.2Products in process 12.3 9.0 11.1Operating supplies and other 82.2 68.5 68.5Inventories 687.1 681.8 647.7Other current assets 104.0 90.8 113.5Assets held for sale 97.3 0.0 0.0Total current assets 2,268.4 2,265.7 2,212.9Investments and long-term receivables 33.6 31.3 31.4Property, plant & equipmentProperty, plant & equipment, cost 14,641.6 14,516.8 12,350.5Allowances for depreciation, depletion & amortization (6,288.9) (6,055.3) (5,937.0)Property, plant & equipment, net 8,352.7 8,461.5 6,413.5Operating lease right-of-use assets, net 522.0 526.4 508.3Goodwill 3,839.5 3,788.1 3,450.0Other intangible assets, net 1,796.0 1,883.0 1,609.1Other noncurrent assets 166.3 148.8 126.7Total assets $16,978.5 $17,104.8 $14,351.9LiabilitiesCurrent maturities of long-term debt 0.4 400.5 0.5Trade payables and accruals 422.6 407.0 352.6Other current liabilities 556.2 431.6 421.0Liabilities held for sale 37.6 0.0 0.0Total current liabilities 1,016.8 1,239.1 774.1Long-term debt 4,360.4 4,906.9 3,329.2Deferred income taxes, net 1,391.9 1,336.5 1,000.3Deferred revenue 132.3 137.8 139.4Noncurrent operating lease liabilities 506.2 521.4 503.5Other noncurrent liabilities 813.8 820.6 712.3Total liabilities $8,221.4 $8,962.3 $6,458.8EquityCommon stock, $1 par value 132.0 132.1 132.1Capital in excess of par value 2,920.2 2,900.1 2,895.0Retained earnings 5,805.1 5,213.8 4,980.7Accumulated other comprehensive loss (123.1) (127.4) (138.8)Total shareholder's equity 8,734.2 8,118.6 7,869.0Noncontrolling interest 22.9 23.9 24.1Total equity $8,757.1 $8,142.5 $7,893.1Total liabilities and equity $16,978.5 $17,104.8 $14,351.9
Table CVulcan Materials Companyand Subsidiary Companies (in millions) Nine Months EndedConsolidated Statements of Cash Flows September 30(Condensed and unaudited) 2025 2024Operating ActivitiesNet earnings $825.3 $619.6Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activitiesDepreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization 563.2 468.4Noncash operating lease expense 40.1 38.6Net gain on sale of property, plant & equipment and businesses (9.2) (4.6)Loss on impairments 0.0 86.6Contributions to pension plans (13.8) (7.1)Share-based compensation expense 49.9 39.9Deferred income taxes, net 56.5 (30.3)Changes in assets and liabilities before initialeffects of business acquisitions and dispositions (256.3) (246.5)Other, net 14.3 4.9Net cash provided by operating activities $1,270.0 $969.5Investing ActivitiesPurchases of property, plant & equipment (492.9) (441.0)Proceeds from sale of property, plant & equipment 23.0 5.6Proceeds from sale of businesses 19.0 0.2Payment for businesses acquired, net of acquired cash and adjustments (8.5) (206.4)Other, net 8.5 (0.2)Net cash used for investing activities ($450.9) ($641.8)Financing ActivitiesProceeds from short-term debt 0.0 8.1Payment of short-term debt (550.0) (8.0)Payment of current maturities and long-term debt (400.5) (550.5)Debt issuance and exchange costs 0.0 (3.5)Payment of finance leases (8.5) (10.0)Purchases of common stock (38.1) (68.8)Dividends paid (195.4) (183.6)Share-based compensation, shares withheld for taxes (30.5) (24.5)Distribution to noncontrolling interest (1.5) (1.8)Other, net (0.2) 0.0Net cash used for financing activities ($1,224.7) ($842.6)Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash (405.6) (514.9)Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year 600.8 949.2Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $195.2 $434.3
Table DSegment Financial Data and Unit Shipments (in millions, except per unit data) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30 September 30 2025 2024 2025 2024Total RevenuesAggregates 1 $1,792.1 $1,572.4 $4,777.5 $4,477.3Asphalt 2 416.1 381.1 993.7 918.5Concrete 237.5 174.4 635.2 489.9Segment sales $2,445.7 $2,127.9 $6,406.4 $5,885.7Aggregates intersegment sales (154.2) (124.0) (377.9) (321.7)Total $2,291.5 $2,003.9 $6,028.5 $5,564.0Gross ProfitAggregates $612.1 $498.5 $1,529.0 $1,330.3Asphalt 71.0 60.2 132.9 123.9Concrete 14.1 6.5 25.8 8.2Total $697.2 $565.2 $1,687.7 $1,462.4Depreciation, Depletion, Accretion and AmortizationAggregates $153.6 $130.3 $448.2 $381.8Asphalt 12.9 12.0 39.0 31.9Concrete 16.5 10.9 50.9 34.9Other 8.4 7.5 25.1 19.8Total $191.4 $160.7 $563.2 $468.4Average Unit Sales Price and Unit ShipmentsAggregatesFreight-adjusted revenues 3 $1,423.7 $1,228.0 $3,785.8 $3,482.0Aggregates – tons 64.7 57.7 171.7 166.0Freight-adjusted sales price 4 $22.01 $21.27 $22.05 $20.98Other ProductsAsphalt Mix – tons 4.3 4.1 10.4 10.2Asphalt Mix – sales price 5 $82.70 $80.88 $81.88 $79.42Ready-mixed concrete – cubic yards 1.2 0.9 3.3 2.7Ready-mixed concrete – sales price 5 $190.90 $185.61 $188.96 $182.881 Includes product sales (crushed stone, sand and gravel, sand, and other aggregates), as well as freight & deliverycosts that we pass along to our customers, and service revenues related to aggregates.2 Includes product sales, as well as service revenues from our asphalt construction paving business.3 Freight-adjusted revenues are Aggregates segment sales excluding freight & delivery revenues andother revenues related to services, such as landfill tipping fees, that are derived from our aggregates business.4 Freight-adjusted sales price is calculated as freight-adjusted revenues divided by aggregates unit shipments.5 Sales price is calculated by dividing revenues generated from the shipment of product (excluding service revenuesgenerated by the segments) by total units of the product shipped.
Appendix 1Reconciliation of Non-GAAP MeasuresAggregates segment freight-adjusted revenues is not a Generally Accepted Accounting Principle (GAAP) measure and should not be considered as an alternative to metrics defined by GAAP. We present this metric as it is consistent with the basis by which we review our operating results. We believe that this presentation is consistent with our competitors and meaningful to our investors as it excludes revenues associated with freight & delivery, which are pass-through activities. It also excludes other revenues related to services, such as landfill tipping fees, that are derived from our aggregates business. Additionally, we use this metric as the basis for calculating the average sales price of our aggregates products. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below:Aggregates Segment Freight-Adjusted Revenues (in millions, except per unit data) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Trailing-Twelve Months Ended September 30 September 30 September 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024Aggregates segmentSegment sales $1,792.1 $1,572.4 $4,777.5 $4,477.3 $6,249.7 $5,890.3Freight & delivery revenues 1 (341.7) (320.5) (916.8) (922.4) (1,214.4) (1,231.8)Other revenues (26.7) (23.9) (74.9) (72.9) (95.3) (105.9)Freight-adjusted revenues $1,423.7 $1,228.0 $3,785.8 $3,482.0 $4,940.0 $4,552.6Unit shipments – tons 64.7 57.7 171.7 166.0 225.6 221.4Freight-adjusted sales price $22.01 $21.27 $22.05 $20.98 $21.90 $20.571 At the segment level, freight & delivery revenues include intersegment freight & delivery (which are eliminated at the consolidated level) and freight to remote distribution sites.GAAP does not define “cash gross profit,” and it should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. We and the investment community use this metric to assess the operating performance of our business. Additionally, we present this metric as we believe that it closely correlates to long-term shareholder value. Cash gross profit adds back noncash charges for depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization to gross profit. Segment cash gross profit per unit is computed by dividing segment cash gross profit by units shipped. Segment cash cost of sales per unit is computed by subtracting segment cash gross profit per unit from segment freight-adjusted sales price. Reconciliation of these metrics to their nearest GAAP measures are presented below:Cash Gross Profit (in millions, except per unit data) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Trailing-Twelve Months Ended September 30 September 30 September 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024Aggregates segmentGross profit $612.1 $498.5 $1,529.0 $1,330.3 $2,015.4 $1,754.8Depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization 153.6 130.3 448.2 381.8 582.2 506.6Cash gross profit $765.7 $628.8 $1,977.2 $1,712.1 $2,597.6 $2,261.4Unit shipments – tons 64.7 57.7 171.7 166.0 225.6 221.4Gross profit per ton $9.46 $8.63 $8.91 $8.01 $8.93 $7.93Freight-adjusted sales price $22.01 $21.27 $22.05 $20.98 $21.90 $20.57Cash gross profit per ton 11.84 10.89 11.52 10.31 11.51 10.22Freight-adjusted cash cost of sales per ton $10.17 $10.38 $10.53 $10.67 $10.39 $10.35Asphalt segmentGross profit $71.0 $60.2 $132.9 $123.9 $179.1 $160.2Depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization 12.9 12.0 39.0 31.9 51.2 40.8Cash gross profit $83.9 $72.2 $171.9 $155.8 $230.3 $201.0Concrete segmentGross profit $14.1 $6.5 $25.8 $8.2 $30.4 $19.7Depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization 16.5 10.9 50.9 34.9 61.4 47.2Cash gross profit $30.6 $17.4 $76.7 $43.1 $91.8 $66.9
Appendix 2 Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures (Continued) GAAP does not define “Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization” (EBITDA), and it should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. We use this metric to assess the operating performance of our business and as a basis for strategic planning and forecasting as we believe that it closely correlates to long-term shareholder value. We do not use this metric as a measure to allocate resources. We adjust EBITDA for certain items to provide a more consistent comparison of earnings performance from period to period. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below (numbers may not foot due to rounding): EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (in millions) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Trailing-Twelve Months Ended September 30 September 30 September 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 Net earnings attributable to Vulcan $374.9 $207.6 $824.7 $618.2 $1,118.5 $845.6 Income tax expense, including discontinued operations 111.9 84.7 235.9 206.7 278.0 311.0 Interest expense, net 55.3 38.4 174.2 117.7 226.8 155.1 Depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization 191.4 160.7 563.2 468.4 727.0 620.9 EBITDA $733.5 $491.3 $1,798.0 $1,411.0 $2,350.2 $1,932.6 Loss on discontinued operations $1.6 $1.8 $5.7 $6.8 $9.1 $9.8 Gain on sale of real estate and businesses, net 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 (36.7) (51.9) Loss on impairments 0.0 86.6 0.0 86.6 0.0 86.6 Charges associated with divested operations 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 16.7 4.2 Acquisition related charges 1 0.1 0.8 1.9 1.8 16.4 1.9 Adjusted EBITDA $735.2 $580.6 $1,805.6 $1,507.1 $2,355.7 $1,983.3 Total revenues $2,291.5 $2,003.9 $6,028.5 $5,564.0 $7,882.2 $7,398.3 Adjusted EBITDA margin 32.1% 29.0% 30.0% 27.1% 29.9% 26.8% 1 Represents charges associated with acquisitions requiring clearance under federal antitrust laws. Similar to our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA, we present Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share (EPS) attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations to provide a more consistent comparison of earnings performance from period to period. This metric is not defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below: Adjusted Diluted EPS Attributable to Vulcan from Continuing Operations (Adjusted Diluted EPS) Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended Trailing-Twelve Months Ended September 30 September 30 September 30 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 Net earnings attributable to Vulcan $2.82 $1.56 $6.21 $4.65 $8.41 $6.35 Items included in Adjusted EBITDA above, net of tax 0.01 0.65 0.04 0.69 0.04 0.43 NOL carryforward valuation allowance 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.05 Adjusted diluted EPS attributable to Vulcan from continuing operations $2.84 $2.22 $6.29 $5.37 $8.46 $6.83 Projected Adjusted EBITDA is not defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below: 2025 Projected Adjusted EBITDA (in millions) Mid-point Net earnings attributable to Vulcan $1,095 Income tax expense, including discontinued operations 315 Interest expense, net 230 Depreciation, depletion, accretion and amortization 750 Projected EBITDA $2,390 Items included in Adjusted EBITDA $10 Projected Adjusted EBITDA $2,400 Because GAAP financial measures on a forward-looking basis are not accessible, and reconciling information is not available without unreasonable effort, we have not provided reconciliations for forward-looking non-GAAP measures, other than the reconciliation of Projected Adjusted EBITDA as noted above. For the same reasons, we are unable to address the probable significance of the unavailable information, which could be material to future results.
Appendix 3 Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures (Continued) Net debt to Adjusted EBITDA is not a GAAP measure and should not be considered as an alternative to metrics defined by GAAP. We, the investment community and credit rating agencies use this metric to assess our leverage. Net debt subtracts cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash from total debt. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below: Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA (in millions) September 30 2025 2024 Debt Current maturities of long-term debt $0.4 $0.5 Long-term debt 4,360.4 3,329.2 Total debt $4,360.8 $3,329.7 Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash (195.2) (434.3) Net debt $4,165.6 $2,895.4 Trailing-Twelve Months (TTM) Adjusted EBITDA $2,355.7 $1,983.3 Total debt to TTM Adjusted EBITDA 1.9x 1.7x Net debt to TTM Adjusted EBITDA 1.8x 1.5x We define “Return on Invested Capital” (ROIC) as Adjusted EBITDA for the trailing-twelve months divided by average invested capital (as illustrated below) during the trailing 5-quarters. Our calculation of ROIC is considered a non-GAAP financial measure because we calculate ROIC using the non-GAAP metric EBITDA. We believe that our ROIC metric is meaningful because it helps investors assess how effectively we are deploying our assets. Although ROIC is a standard financial metric, numerous methods exist for calculating a company's ROIC. As a result, the method we use to calculate our ROIC may differ from the methods used by other companies. This metric is not defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to earnings measures defined by GAAP. Reconciliation of this metric to its nearest GAAP measure is presented below (numbers may not foot due to rounding): Return on Invested Capital (dollars in millions) Trailing-Twelve Months Ended September 30 2025 2024 Adjusted EBITDA $2,355.7 $1,983.3 Average invested capital Property, plant & equipment, net $7,995.7 $6,273.7 Goodwill 3,744.9 3,516.4 Other intangible assets 1,626.3 1,457.9 Fixed and intangible assets $13,366.8 $11,248.0 Current assets $2,166.1 $2,264.6 Cash and cash equivalents (354.9) (428.0) Current tax (30.7) (36.4) Adjusted current assets 1,780.5 1,800.2 Current liabilities (1,026.9) (785.8) Current maturities of long-term debt 80.5 0.5 Short-term debt 110.0 19.0 Adjusted current liabilities (836.4) (766.3) Adjusted net working capital $944.1 $1,033.9 Average invested capital $14,310.9 $12,281.9 Return on invested capital 16.5% 16.1%
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